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Bat-borne virus
A bat-borne virus is any virus whose primary reservoir is any species of bat. The viruses species include coronaviruses, hantaviruses, lyssaviruses, lassa virus, Ebola virus and Marburg virus. Bat-borne viruses are among the most important of the emerging viruses.〔Charles H. Calisher, James E. Childs, Hume E. Field, Kathryn V. Holmes, and Tony Schountz. Bats:Important hosts of emerging viruses. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006 July; 19(3): 531–545.doi: 10.1128/CMR.00017-06 PMCID: PMC1539106〕
== Transmission ==
Bat-borne viruses are transmitted via bat bite and transfer via saliva, as well as aerosolization of salvia, feces, and/or urine. Like rabies virus, newly emerging bat-borne viruses can be transmitted to humans directly by bats. These include Ebola virus, SARS, and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.
Left unrecognized and untreated, the interval between transmission of rabies virus strains until the disease manifests in the victims, varies from hours to years. Most victims are not aware of either having been bitten by a bat or exposed to a bat's secretions. This can be due to a lack of awareness of a bat's presence in the same space, such as when sleeping, not feeling the bite if aware of the bat's presence, and/or exposure to bat saliva, urine, and/or feces in closed environments. These include caves and human living spaces such as attics, basements, barns and sheds. Bats invading human living and working spaces will normally offensively attack by biting and urinating on the victim to mark the victim's location.〔Altringham, J. D. 1996. Bats: biology and behavior. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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